Pterygium

What is a Pterygium?

A pterygium (pronounced tur-IJ-ee-um) is a benign, triangular-shaped growth of tissue on the white part of your eye (conjunctiva) that can extend onto the cornea (the clear, front window of your eye). It most commonly appears on the side closest to your nose.

It is non-cancerous, but it can cause irritation, changes in vision, and affect the appearance of the eye. Pterygium is often linked with frequent exposure to sunlight, wind, and dry, dusty climates, which is why it’s sometimes called “surfer’s eye”.

What Causes It?

• Chronic UV exposure (sunlight)
• Wind, dust, dry climates
• Long-term eye irritation
• May be more common in people who live near the equator or work outdoors

Common Symptoms

• Redness or eye irritation
• Gritty or burning sensation
• Tearing (watery eyes)
• A visible pinkish or white growth on the white part of the eye
• Blurred vision (if it distorts the cornea)
• Astigmatism (if it alters corneal shape)

How Is It Diagnosed?

An eye doctor (ophthalmologist or optometrist) can usually diagnose a pterygium during an eye exam. Special tests, such as a slit-lamp exam or corneal topography, may be used to assess the extent and impact on vision.

Do I Need Treatment?

Mild cases may not need treatment—just regular monitoring. You may be offered:

• Lubricating drops (artificial tears)
• Anti-inflammatory drops for redness or irritation
• UV protection advice (sunglasses, wide-brimmed hats)

Surgical removal may be recommended if:

• The pterygium is growing towards your pupil
• It causes persistent discomfort
• It affects your vision or appearance

About the Surgery

Surgery usually takes 20–30 minutes and is performed as a day case using local or general anaesthesia. The pterygium is removed from the cornea and sclera (white part of the eye), and often a conjunctival graft (a patch of nearby eye tissue) is used to reduce the chance of recurrence.

In some cases, a medicated drop or pad (Mitomycin-C) may be applied to lower the risk of the pterygium returning. Your doctor will discuss this with you beforehand.

Benefits of Surgery

• Improved comfort
• Better vision
• Enhanced eye appearance
• Lower risk of long-term corneal damage

Risks and Considerations

• Recurrence: In 5–10% of cases, the pterygium may regrow
• Infection or inflammation (rare, usually treatable)
• Scarring
• Mild discomfort after surgery

After the Operation

• An eye pad will be placed and removed the next day in clinic
• You’ll be prescribed antibiotic and steroid eye drops
• Expect some redness and soreness for 1–2 weeks
• The eye may remain red for up to 6–12 weeks
• Avoid swimming or dusty environments for 2 weeks
• Avoid contact lenses until cleared by your eye specialist
• Wear wrap-around sunglasses outdoors
• Keep moisturising eye drops at home or work
• Follow your allergy care plan consistently
• Stay hydrated, eat a balanced diet, and sleep well

When to See a Doctor

Seek medical advice if:

• Symptoms do not improve with OTC treatments
• Vision becomes blurred or painful
• There’s thick, yellow/green discharge
• You need help identifying your allergy triggers