Allergic Conjunctivitis (Allergic Eye Disease)

A Common Cause of Itchy, Red, Watery Eyes

What Is Allergic Conjunctivitis?

Allergic conjunctivitis is an allergic reaction that affects the clear layer covering the white of the eye and the inside of the eyelids (conjunctiva). It happens when the immune system reacts to allergens like pollen, dust, or pet dander.

It can be:

• Seasonal (pollen-related)
• Perennial (year-round triggers like dust mites, mould, or pets)
• Associated with other allergic conditions like asthma, eczema, or hay fever

Symptoms

• Itchy, red, watery eyes
• Burning or gritty feeling
• Puffy eyelids
• Blurred vision
• Sensitivity to light
• Stringy or clear discharge
• Dark circles under eyes ("allergic shiners")
• Contact lens intolerance

Note: Avoid rubbing your eyes – it can worsen symptoms by releasing more histamine.

Common Triggers

• Outdoor: pollen from trees, grasses, weeds
• Indoor: dust mites, pet dander, mould, smoke
• Irritants: perfume, pollution, eye makeup

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is usually based on history and symptoms. Allergy testing (blood or skin tests) may help identify specific triggers.

Treatment Options

1. Avoid Triggers

• Keep windows closed during high pollen seasons
• Shower and change clothes after being outside
• Use air purifiers and HEPA filters
• Avoid pets in the bedroom
• Reduce indoor humidity (30–50%) to control mould
• Use allergy-proof bedding and wash at 60°C
• Vacuum regularly with a HEPA filter vacuum

2. Eye Drops

Available over-the-counter or by prescription:

• Antihistamines (e.g., ketotifen, olopatadine) – relieve itching and redness
• Mast cell stabilisers (e.g., sodium cromoglicate) – prevent future flare-ups
• Combination drops – antihistamine + mast cell stabiliser
• Artificial tears – flush allergens and soothe irritation
• Decongestant drops – reduce redness (short-term only)
• Steroid drops – for severe or chronic cases, under medical supervision
• NSAID drops – sometimes used to reduce inflammation

3. Oral Allergy Medications

• Antihistamines (e.g., loratadine, cetirizine, fexofenadine)
• May relieve eye, nasal, and skin symptoms
• Some may cause drowsiness or dry eyes

4. Allergy Immunotherapy (Allergy Shots or Tablets)

• Gradually reduces sensitivity to allergens over months or years
• Useful for long-term control in moderate–severe allergy sufferers

Self-Care Tips

• Use cool compresses to relieve itching
• Switch from contact lenses to glasses during flare-ups
• Avoid using eye makeup during active symptoms
• Wear wrap-around sunglasses outdoors
• Keep moisturising eye drops at home or work
• Follow your allergy care plan consistently
• Stay hydrated, eat a balanced diet, and sleep well

When to See a Doctor

Seek medical advice if:

• Symptoms do not improve with OTC treatments
• Vision becomes blurred or painful
• There’s thick, yellow/green discharge
• You need help identifying your allergy triggers